TotalDefn.DefineSchema

STRUCTURE

SYNOPSIS

Defines a recursion schema.

DESCRIPTION

DefineSchema may be used to declare so-called ‘schematic‘ definitions, or ‘recursion schemas‘. These are just recursive functions with extra free variables (also called ‘parameters‘) on the right-hand side of some clauses. Such schemas have been used as a basis for program transformation systems.

DefineSchema takes its input in exactly the same format as Define.

The termination constraints of a schematic definition are collected on the hypotheses of the definition, and also on the hypotheses of the automatically proved induction theorem, but a termination proof is only attempted when the termination conditions have no occurrences of parameters. This is because, in general, termination can only be proved after some of the parameters of the schema have been instantiated.

FAILURE

DefineSchema fails in many of the same ways as Define. However, it will not fail if it cannot prove termination.

EXAMPLE

The following defines a schema for binary recursion.

   - DefineSchema
          `binRec (x:'a) =
              if atomic x then (A x:'b)
                          else join (binRec (left x))
                                    (binRec (right x))`;

   <<HOL message: Definition is schematic in the following variables:
       "A", "atomic", "join", "left", "right">>
   Equations stored under "binRec_def".
   Induction stored under "binRec_ind".

   > val it =
        [!x. ~atomic x ==> R (left x) x, 
         !x. ~atomic x ==> R (right x) x, WF R]
       |- binRec A atomic join left right x =
           if atomic x then A x
           else
             join (binRec A atomic join left right (left x))
                  (binRec A atomic join left right (right x)) : thm

The following defines a schema in which a termination proof is attempted successfully.

   - DefineSchema `(map [] = []) /\ (map (h::t) = f h :: map t)`;

   <<HOL message: inventing new type variable names: 'a, 'b>>
   <<HOL message: Definition is schematic in the following variables:
        "f">>

   Equations stored under "map_def".
   Induction stored under "map_ind".

   > val it =  [] |- (map f [] = []) /\ (map f (h::t) = f h::map f t) : thm

The easy termination proof is attempted because the schematic variable f doesn’t occur in the termination conditions.

COMMENTS

The original recursion equations, in which parameters only occur on right hand sides, is transformed into one in which the parameters become arguments to the function being defined. This is the expected behaviour. If an argument intended as a parameter occurs on the left hand side in the original recursion equations, it becomes universally quantified in the termination conditions, which is not desirable for a schema.

SEEALSO

Define, Hol_defn