Given the following structural induction theorem for labelled binary trees:
   |- !P. (!x. P(LEAF x)) /\ (!b1 b2. P b1 /\ P b2 ==> P(NODE b1 b2)) ==>
          (!b. P b)
 
prove_cases_thm proves and returns the theorem:
   |- !b. (?x. b = LEAF x) \/ (?b1 b2. b = NODE b1 b2)
 
This states that every labelled binary tree b is either a leaf node
with a label x or a tree with two subtrees b1 and b2.